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Metrology
- A height, out of one photograph
- Flattening a façade out of the photograph
- How wrong a measurement from one picture can be
- The one thing a single view cannot give
- The wall under the paint
- The curvature a shadow reports
- One picture of a ball
- Two pictures of a ball
- The dish no outline reaches
- An area, out of one photograph
- Counting is a measurement
- An angle on the ground
- The answer is an ellipse
- Which reference to measure from
- The floor a better camera cannot reach
- Five facts that close the same gap
- The plan hidden in the photograph
- Where each closure enters the stratification
Light
- A mirror is a second camera
- A shadow is a second projection
- Where shadows vanish
- The penumbra is the lamp's image
- The shadow of a ball is a conic
- The lamp, out of the picture
- A shadow can be un-cast
- A wall does not get darker as it goes away
- A lamp lights less than half a ball
- The floor that is not a plane
- A shadow across an edge
- The lamp is the second eye
- A light far enough away
- Two lamps and one map
- The ball stands at a focus
- A wire with a corner in its shadow
- The edge of a shadow is drawn on the object
- A hole is not preserved
- A shadow across a second object
- The residual has a shape
- The floor is a choice of coordinates
- The lamp comes out in rays and not in plan
- The corners a floor cannot add
- A floor is read along curves
- How many lamps a drawing has
- The distance at which two lamps part
- A floor cannot fake a second lamp
- The drawing does not run out of lines
- Counting shadows is not counting lamps
- A lamp behind the camera
- The arrangement the count cannot see
- The lamp's size over its distance, and nothing else
- The lamp a low shadow cannot locate
- A soft shadow on a curved floor is not the lamp's image
- How many lamps make one lamp
- What a point in shadow can see of the sky
- Where a shadow splits in two
- How many shadows determine the object
- A dent breaks the terminator
- A shadow edge read as a profile
- The lamp and the floor cannot both be recovered
Construction
- Alberti draws a pavement, and chooses where the reader stands
- Brunelleschi drilled a hole in his panel
- One, two and three point are one construction
- The distance point is the viewing distance, drawn
- The horizon is at eye level — if the picture plane is vertical
- The measuring point, and the step the method leaves out
- The horizon, and the fraction
- The bay repeated by a straightedge
- Straightening does not move the eye
- The plane is a choice
- The ramp has its own horizon
- Carrying a height across the room
- A picture with nothing straight in it
- Seven is not a power of two
- The circle in the square wants a number
- The line every nosing is on
- Three-point, laid out with a straightedge
- A drawing has three horizons
- The arc every eye stands on
- The quadrilateral no rectangle casts
- The proportion is the assumption
- Three procedures, one panel
- Four marks before anything is said
- The slip that leaves no trace
- One hand step each
- Stepped, or measured from the zero
- What a panel says about its maker
- Dividing to a point off the board
- The stair that turns has a vanishing point that moves
- A measuring point for a ramp
- Figures on a street that slopes
- The bays that are not equal
- What a straightedge reaches on a receding line
- Two rules for one pavement
- The centre of the picture is not the centre of the paper
- Copying square by square
- The hook is the centre, and the eye is not
Viewing
- An anamorph at true size, on paper
- Anamorphosis is only a viewpoint
- The cylindrical mirror unbends it
- The point you have to stand at
- When the picture surface is not flat
- Wide angle is not distortion
- Standing in the wrong place
- A floor anamorph is three numbers
- The marks name the place, not the height
- The ceiling that is not a plane
- A set cut for one eye
- Where the anamorph still works
- The room the eye may stand in
- An anamorph has one eye
- The design that outruns the floor
- The anamorph that crosses a corner
- The height a flat floor cannot give
- A stair does not use all its faces
- What an eye can paint
- Facing the reader is not being reachable
- The eye that reaches the most
- A design that lands in two rooms
- The stretch decides the band
- One flight, two pictures
- A fold names the height
- A flight that has ends
Curved
- Every fisheye is a different rule
- No picture surface keeps everything
- Stereographic keeps every angle, and only stereographic
- The cylinder, and the price of going all the way round
- What a 360-degree photograph actually is
- The arcs a curvilinear drawing uses
- One parameter between two surfaces
- Conformal is not undistorted
- Six flat pictures of everything
- The lines a surface leaves alone
- Undoing a picture made on a curve
- How well the floor has to be known
- The floors that unroll
- The third column is area
- Counting cloud by counting pixels
- The pivot that is not the eye
- The parallax you cannot shoot away
- The camera that is a cylinder
- A rig is right on one surface
- The surface a screen wants
- A picture that can be printed
- Three conditions, and three prices
- Drawn for the cylinder, shown on the cylinder
- Where a surface spends its pixels
- The horizon's shape belongs to the surface
- A pole is a line
- Which rule a fisheye obeys, from straightness alone
- The kink at a seam
- The arcs the five-point construction actually draws
- The eye is a picture surface too
- The hole a rig cannot fill
- Shot on one surface, shown on another
- A projector that is not at the dome's centre
Parallel
- Parallel projection is not primitive perspective
- The eye taken to infinity
- What isometric actually means
- Which axis scales are possible
- Any three lines you draw are a cube
- Oblique is a shear, and the shear is the whole system
- A ruler on an isometric drawing
- The drawing does not say which corner is nearer
- The ellipse the drawing office draws
- Three views do not fix the solid
- The view that makes a line a point
- Nothing moves when the object does
- The true shape of a cut
- What two parallel views leave free
- The dimetric the set square draws
- What one oblique drawing shows
- A circle off the coordinate planes
- The shadow rules that hold here
- The drawing that gives the solid back
- The ball a drawing does not draw round
- No view draws a curved plate true
- The drawing and the development
- A drawn fold has a phantom
- Two outlines are two curves
- Two distances to infinity
- A picture with no eye
- Nothing moves along the direction
- One face, one scale
Foundations
- The circle whose centre moves
- Recovering the camera from the picture it drew
- What a projection destroys
- Where parallel lines meet
- A projection of a projection
- The diagonals find the middle
- Two triangles and the line nobody drew
- What one picture of a plane determines
- Four lines have a cross-ratio
- The centre, got back out of the picture
- An angle is a cross-ratio
- The two points a picture hides
- One conic calibrates the camera
- What a flat map leaves alone
- Three constructions, one map
- The conic a circle becomes
- Two lines at infinity
- Five marks and the sixth
- Two circles, one picture
- The polar with a straightedge
- The ball at the edge of the frame
- Every quadric has one outline
- A line is a space of its own
- The map a row of posts is
- Perpendicular is a pairing
- An error with two terms
- What a null result is worth in decades
- The ladder of assumptions is a ladder of conditioning
- The bias out of reach
- A floor with a referent
- A point and a line are one object
- The horizon has a pole
- Five tangents name the same conic
- Desargues read the other way
- The quadrilateral that finds the middle
- Four points on a conic look the same from anywhere on it
- Three conics are one conic and a choice of horizon
- Pascal's line, and the theorem underneath Pappus
- The triangle a camera cannot move
- A curved surface made of straight lines
- A line is a closed curve
- Three kinds of map on a row of posts
- Every projectivity is two perspectivities
- The picture contains what is behind the camera
- The theorem that is obvious one dimension up
Wrong
- The cube that is a box
- Dividing depth by eye
- The sixty-degree cone of vision
- The third point put where it looks right
- Both vanishing points on the paper
- The forty-five degree shadow
- Measured down from the waterline
- Which way the drawn circle leans
- The rule that draws another room
- Six tangents and the point nobody drew
- A mirror that is not parallel to the wall
- The minor axis is not the axle
- A cylinder has two different ends
- A square plan is not a cube
- The rule is exact for a floor that lengthens
- A tapered part meets at its apex
- A turned cube punishes the eye, not the construction
- A straightedge convicts the rule on five braccia
Lens
- A lens destroys the invariant
- Fitting a lens from straightness alone
- Straight lines that are not
- The eye is a place, not a point
- The principal point is not the centre
- The lens a pavement can hide
- The hole a scene actually sees
- The lines that calibrate a lens
- A tilted sensor is not a distortion
- A barrel model folds at a radius it sets itself
- The entrance pupil walks with the angle
- A model that inverts has a horizon instead of a fold
- Focusing moves the pivot past its best place
- The response is at the ends and the information is not
- No design separates the two coefficients
- A known target sharpens the fit and does not separate it
- A stereographic fisheye is a division model
- A tilted target pays for its tilt in perspective
Refraction
- A picture through water has no viewpoint
- The port that is not there
- The sky inside a cone
- What a ray does at a surface
- What survives a pane of glass
- The dome knows its offset in units of itself
- A pane gives a product before it gives two numbers
- One surface, two images
- A ball of water has no eye either
- A straight stick in water is a kink and a curve
- A point under water has two depths
- A wedge of glass turns the camera behind it
- The stick a stereo pair puts back
- The wedge recovered with the camera
- The residual does not warn
- A fit weighted by the miss trusts only the surface
- A wedge moves the centre, not the lens
- A third eye sees the water the pair cannot
Twoviews
- The image of the other eye
- A point is a line over there
- Eight points and the basis they are read in
- Four cameras fit, and one of them can see
- Two views give shape and no size
- A flat scene fixes no second eye
- How flat is flat enough
- Seven marks, three answers
- The surface two pictures cannot separate
- An ambiguity is not an uncertainty
- An epipole in the picture leaves a blind disc
- The two pencils keep one number
- Rectification is a family, not an operation
- Two marks off a known plane find the other eye
- Seeing the scene fences in the plane at infinity
- A parallax length is a height over a depth
- A sway gives the blind centre a depth, not a good one
- A plane's coefficient reaches as far as its parallax
Depth
- Depth is a reciprocal
- The range a pair cannot see past
- Two rays that do not meet
- A turn of the head is not a step sideways
- A wrong match is not a small error
- The depth a pair calls zero
- The midpoint is a choice of ruler
- Whole pixels cut space into shells
- Both coordinates agree on a circle and a line
- Raise the gaze, and the line is gone
- A mismatch on its own line needs a third eye
- Vergence moves the shells and does not respace them
- A third eye that lands on the next post
- A third ray is worth what its picture is worth
- The second disparity cuts cells
- Rectifying a pair spends what its epipolar lines lean
- A sliding pair keeps its line only near the middle
- A rectification's free shift is free only near the pair
Manyviews
- The track and the scene together
- Seven numbers no picture can name
- A chain and an adjustment
- Where the adjustment stops
- Another picture of the same sweep
- Far enough away, a pair is one eye
- An uncertainty is quoted from something
- The eighth held number bends the scene
- A narrow view keeps a second answer, inside out
- A scale chain leans rather than wanders
- Closing a loop mends its ends
- The spread a point gets
- A loop's far side is a length
- A survey is trusted at its own accuracy, unless its error has a shape
- A start needs the sign of its depths, not their size
- The cameras decide where a narrow view settles
- A scale bar is worth its ends, not its tape
- Split the track and the needles turn
Scroll
- A scroll is a camera that moves
- A straight line in a scroll is a hyperbola
- The centre a scroll does not have
- A scroll is not a panorama
- Three distances in one landscape
- A map along, and a picture across
- A landscape that changes its rule halfway up
- A pond in a scroll is not an ellipse
- A scroll through two slits ranges in a straight line
- A scroll round a bend loses its straight-line depth
- A scroll can be asked its own radius
- The stations are also a staircase
- A seam breaks direction, not size
- A shadow decides which landscape it is
- Where a seam is allowed to go
- A seam that bends trades a turn for a gap
- A scroll of a climbing road measures its grade
- An eye that pitches with the road keeps its rows
Conventions
- What the removed roof buys
- Measuring a room off the page
- A picture with no size–distance signal
- Assembled from several views
- A picture with two eyes in it
- Two grounds, and what the second one costs
- A parallel floor under a perspective room
- Counting the eyes needs the room
- The second eye is a shear
- The same person, twice on one panel
- Size that means rank
- The pond with its trees laid flat
- What survives being copied
- A picture in bands
- A carpet and the people on it
- The workshop that throws drawings away
- Two stations in one picture
- A grid on the wall is a scale without a projection
- Higher on the page, and where that stops being true
- The room a divergent picture is a photograph of
- No solid casts an aspective figure
- What a removed wall costs that a removed roof does not
Choices
- The picture whose lines spread
- An inverse perspective is a leaning plane
- Each system answers its own question
- What perspective gave up
- A centre and a measure are exclusive
- A yes in the table is a price
- A page is bounded by a divide, not a centre
- Four surfaces, and no one camera that draws them
- A camera count needs a tolerance
- One camera means one horizon, not one point
- The tenth row has neither
- The exclusion is two conditions, not ten rows
- The rows under a splay measure the bays, not the lean
- The rows count hands, not cameras
- A vanishing line with a slope in it
- A tiring hand draws a different habit
- A tiring panel keeps its order, not its direction
- A strip keeps its ratio, not the end it began
Pipeline
- The divide is postponed, not avoided
- What happens behind the eye
- The precision a depth buffer has left
- A pixel is not a point
- A texture does not interpolate on the page
- Four numbers and a window
- A tile is an off-centre frustum
- The near plane can be any plane
- One plane is nearly free
- A curved screen is eight flat ones
- One depth per sample is not enough
- Along a line of constant depth the page is affine
- A point at infinity is an ordinary vertex
- A shadow map's texels land by two distances and two cosines
- A tilted span walks a staircase
- One warped shadow map, and what it cannot reach
- A texture reaches the horizon as a rate
- One homography makes a shadow map the eye's picture
Sensor
- A focal length is not an angle
- Stepping closer is not zooming
- Every row is a different camera
- A frame is an interval
- The pixel that is not square
- The centre has an area
- The sharp band is a decision
- A pupil sees around an edge
- The corner sees an ellipse
- The disc and the streak
- Focusing is a zoom
- A turning frame can be straightened; a travelling one cannot
- A dolly zoom is a step and a zoom, and they meet at one depth
- A close picture carries its own distance
- Turning and travelling blur different worlds
- A camera on a bend is sharp on a circle
- A dolly zoom off the axis keeps a line, not a plane
- A frame's shear knows travel only over depth
Screen
- The screen sets the distance
- A wide field on a small screen
- Two pictures on one screen
- The render is distorted on purpose
- A projector is a camera run backwards
- Turning the cameras inwards
- The screen is a picture surface too
- The screen that names the seat
- The seats a screen will accept
- One picture and three people
- What the two eyes are sent
- The evenness a curve buys
- A projector in the viewer's eye
- Matching buys one seat
- The distance at which the eyes part
- A stereo picture is drawn for a level head
- A curved screen tilts a stereo pair both ways at once
- Drawing for the curve removes the curve, not the nearness
Mirrors
- A curved mirror has no eye
- Where the focus went
- The one shape that focuses
- A mirror ball is an equal-area fisheye
- The cone that reads the floor
- A mirror ball does not know its size
- The caustic is the mirror's own ruler
- A fitted radius is wrong before it is uncertain
- One shutter, two views
- Two matches are enough
- Square to the camera is the worst mirror
- Two mirrors make one turn
- The corner that answers every eye
- Two mirrors show fewer images than they make
- Two mirrors are three cameras
- Closer than they appear, by a factor with a number in it
- A symmetric object is its own stereo pair
- Two people between mirrors see each other equally often