Visual Plane
every picture states the point it is correct from
Depth

Series

A field says what an essay is about. A series follows one idea essay by essay — from the question that introduces it to the one that assumes all the others.
water, n = 1.333eyetruly 1.50 m downappears 0.818 m downh/n would be 1.125 mno single viewpoint — the rays miss by 17.1° of bend at the surfaceapparent depth 54.5% of the true one, not 75.0%

Refraction

  1. 1 What a ray does at a surface
  2. 2 A point under water has two depths
  3. 3 A straight stick in water is a kink and a curve
  4. 4 The stick a stereo pair puts back
  5. 5 The residual does not warn
  6. +7 more
12 essays · refraction drawn: q = 1, drift +3% a baysteady hand fitted: q = 0.361q = 1 with no driftclosed form q = 0.361rows apart ≤ 0.014 pxsplay 1.32, 6 bays, near edge at the bottomdrift 0.03 → q 0.36

Habit

  1. 1 A tiring hand draws a different habit
  2. 2 A tiring panel keeps its order, not its direction
  3. 3 A strip keeps its ratio, not the end it began
  4. 4 A strip's scatter points to the end drawn last
  5. 5 A stepped hand passes for a tiring one on a short strip
  6. +6 more
11 essays · choices a room 2.8 m across, eye 1.6 m up1 mthe same plan, 137× bigger137 midenticalpicturesthe picture — both scenes, drawn twice, one on top of the otherlargest disagreement 1e-13 px over 8 verticesone length has to come from outside the picture

Scale

  1. 1 The one thing a single view cannot give
  2. 2 Two views give shape and no size
  3. 3 Five facts that close the same gap
  4. 4 Where each closure enters the stratification
  5. 5 A wrong model shows at its own level
  6. +6 more
11 essays · metrology epipoleepipoleleft pictureright pictureepipole from 44 correspondences vs the projected eye: 1.1e-9 px2.60 m between the eyes

Epipole

  1. 1 The image of the other eye
  2. 2 An epipole in the picture leaves a blind disc
  3. 3 A sway gives the blind centre a depth, not a good one
  4. 4 A turn moves the picture, not the blind point
  5. 5 Steering swings a camera too little to see ahead
  6. +5 more
10 essays · twoviews 3 m · 47 px6 m · 24 px12 m · 12 pxnear ÷ far = 4.000 against a depth ratio of 4.000exposure 33.3 ms · 6 m/s across the frameeach streak is straight; the set of them is not one kernel

Exposure

  1. 1 A frame is an interval
  2. 2 Turning and travelling blur different worlds
  3. 3 A camera on a bend is sharp on a circle
  4. 4 A rolling frame on a bend is right at its centre
  5. 5 A rolling frame on a bend is a coarse curvature gauge
  6. +5 more
10 essays · sensor x/z, y/z — the pinholeM·p, then divide by wworst disagreement 4.0e-14 px over 8 verticescorrect from 21 cm, at 160 mm wide42° across · near 0.1 m, far 1000 m

Homogeneous

  1. 1 The divide is postponed, not avoided
  2. 2 A point at infinity is an ordinary vertex
  3. 3 A texture reaches the horizon as a rate
  4. 4 A sky is carried as a direction
  5. 5 Ground and sky meet at the horizon without a crack
  6. +5 more
10 essays · pipeline 15° of yaw, 6° of pitch, 1.50 throw ratio81.3% of the panel reaches the corrected rectangleouter: the thrown quadrilateral · inner: what correction can keep18.7% of the panel discarded

Keystone

  1. 1 A projector is a camera run backwards
  2. 2 A projector in the viewer's eye
  3. 4 Straightening does not move the eye
  4. 5 Keystone correction spends the panel unevenly
  5. 6 An even spend of the panel is an uneven picture
  6. +5 more
10 essays · screen 00.50011.50010203040correspondenceepipolar error at every OTHER point, after one match is movedmedian 0.54 pxthe moved oneevery point wrong: median 0.54 px, worst 1.7 pxclean fit 2.3e-13 px

Outlier

  1. 1 A wrong match is not a small error
  2. 2 A mismatch on its own line needs a third eye
  3. 3 A third eye that lands on the next post
  4. 4 A railing matched one along stands underground
  5. 5 A facade matched a column out comes forward, not back
  6. +5 more
10 essays · depth 8–26 meye at 1.6 m26–70 meye at 4.0 m70–200 meye at 11.0 mthree stations, buttedfar band ×6.9

Threedistances

  1. 1 Three distances in one landscape
  2. 2 A landscape that changes its rule halfway up
  3. 3 The stations are also a staircase
  4. 4 A seam breaks direction, not size
  5. 5 A shadow decides which landscape it is
  6. +4 more
9 essays · scroll eye, 74° offgrey: the word before the projectionblack: the same word, projected

Anamorph

  1. 3 Anamorphosis is only a viewpoint
  2. 4 An anamorph at true size, on paper
  3. 5 The cylindrical mirror unbends it
  4. 6 The anamorph that crosses a corner
  5. 7 A stair does not use all its faces
  6. +3 more
8 essays · viewing 9 m out82.6 px apart along7.47 px apart in rows18 m out165.2 px apart along7.47 px apart in rows36 m out330.5 px apart along7.47 px apart in rows72 m out661.0 px apart along7.47 px apart in rowsrows parted by 7.47 px at every post · slits ±10° · drawn at 1.5×no single viewpoint — the rays miss by the height climbed between two momentsa 5% climb, eye upright

Climb

  1. 1 A scroll of a climbing road measures its grade
  2. 2 An eye that pitches with the road keeps its rows
  3. 3 A vehicle's pitch lags the road by its wheelbase
  4. 4 A scroll camera rings with its vehicle's suspension
  5. 5 A rough road rings the suspension well enough to read, over four hundred metres
  6. +3 more
8 essays · scroll principal pointk₁ = -0.320, k₂ = 0.110 — barrel distortioncentre line 0e+0 px of sag, outermost 17.8 px

Distortion

  1. 1 Straight lines that are not
  2. 2 A lens destroys the invariant
  3. 3 The render is distorted on purpose
  4. 4 A barrel model folds at a radius it sets itself
  5. 5 A tilted sensor is not a distortion
  6. +3 more
8 essays · lens they meet at y = 924, off the pagefar edge ÷ near edge = 1.32a one-point construction, swept through its splaythe point is below the near edge

Divergence

  1. 1 The picture whose lines spread
  2. 2 An inverse perspective is a leaning plane
  3. 3 Four surfaces, and no one camera that draws them
  4. 4 A camera count needs a tolerance
  5. 5 One camera means one horizon, not one point
  6. +3 more
8 essays · choices the lenscorrect from 14 cm, at 160 mm wide12 pairs · 2.8e-13 px

Mirrorpair

  1. 1 One shutter, two views
  2. 2 Two matches are enough
  3. 3 Square to the camera is the worst mirror
  4. 4 Two mirrors are three cameras
  5. 5 A symmetric object is its own stereo pair
  6. +3 more
8 essays · mirrors the eye's trackthe eye at x = -10.5 mevery point is drawn by the one position of the eye that is level with itplan — the eye's track and the scans it makes28 m of travel

Pushbroom

  1. 1 A scroll is a camera that moves
  2. 2 A straight line in a scroll is a hyperbola
  3. 3 The centre a scroll does not have
  4. 4 A map along, and a picture across
  5. 5 A pond in a scroll is not an ellipse
  6. +3 more
8 essays · scroll 0.0020.00334567number of viewsworst camera-centre error (fraction of the track's mean radius, log scale)7 flat7 flat7 flat7 flat7 flat60° sweep, filled in12° per view, wideningfilled in: 1.1e-3 → 2.0e-3widened: 3.2e-3 → 1.8e-3

Spread

  1. 1 Another picture of the same sweep
  2. 2 The spread a point gets
  3. 3 Split the track and the needles turn
  4. 4 The bundle keeps the needles turned, if the wall has three rows
  5. 5 A wall's twist can be tested against the error the adjustment reports
  6. +3 more
8 essays · manyviews the pavement implies a horizon 171 px off the topthe horizon the panel drewcorrect from 12 cm at 160 mm wide9.2 px from the truth, 0.17 px from a perspective

Taughtratio

  1. 1 The rule that draws another room
  2. 2 The lens a pavement can hide
  3. 3 The rule is exact for a floor that lengthens
  4. 4 A straightedge convicts the rule on five braccia
  5. 5 The rule's bow is read by its shape
  6. +3 more
8 essays · wrong the objectseen along the line where the mirrors meet9 images

Twomirrors

  1. 1 Two mirrors make one turn
  2. 2 The corner that answers every eye
  3. 3 Two mirrors show fewer images than they make
  4. 4 Two people between mirrors see each other equally often
  5. 5 A mirror's top edge waits for an eye above it
  6. +3 more
8 essays · mirrors 025507510010203040true depth (m)depth reported from the disparity, with a 1 px reading error5.86–7.33 m13.96–26.69 m23.76–126.49 mat 40 m: +86.5 m against −16.2 munbounded past 58.5 m

Disparity

  1. 1 Depth is a reciprocal
  2. 2 The range a pair cannot see past
  3. 3 Whole pixels cut space into shells
  4. 4 Vergence moves the shells and does not respace them
  5. 5 The second disparity cuts cells
  6. +2 more
7 essays · depth 0.30.50.7125×10⁻⁴0.0010.0020.0050.010.02how finely each point is read (px, log scale)worst camera-centre error, as a fraction of the track's mean radius (log)chained pairsadjusted togetheradjustment is 4.0–9.2× better6 views · identical observations

Drift

  1. 2 A chain and an adjustment
  2. 3 A scale chain leans rather than wanders
  3. 4 Closing a loop mends its ends
  4. 5 A loop's far side is a length
  5. 6 A scale bar is worth its ends, not its tape
  6. +2 more
7 essays · manyviews

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