Concept

two-point construction — where it appears

A view turned so that two of a box's directions have vanishing points on the page and its verticals stay vertical. It is the arrangement in which a level camera's verticals stay parallel, so the third vanishing point is at infinity and does not have to be placed.

Named by 4 essays across 2 fields — each of them below, with the objects they name alongside it.

horizondepicted height ÷ side0.3278corner angles90.000° — forced by the methoddepicted side ratio0.7195lens this drawing implies60° acrossdrawn exactly as the method prescribesthe free step is where the far edges go

The cube that is a box

The two-point cube every book teaches has a step it supplies no construction for. Place the two far edges symmetrically and the drawing depicts a square plan for free; place them eight points apart — a difference invisible on the page — and it depicts a box 1.4 times shallower than it is wide.

wrong · Cubebyeye
they meet at y = 924, off the pagefar edge ÷ near edge = 1.32a one-point construction, swept through its splaythe point is below the near edge

The picture whose lines spread

In a Byzantine icon the sides of a table diverge with depth. The standard account says the vanishing point is behind the viewer. It is not — it sits below the near edge, in front of the eye, and it is the vanishing point of a direction running down and away.

choices · Divergence
station pointmeasuring pointvanishing pointthe picturedrawn at 0.48× · side ratio 1.000 · height 1.000a cube, constructed

A square plan is not a cube

An even-handed two-point cube is square in plan wherever its far edges go, and a cube at exactly one placement — 19.4 per cent of the way to each vanishing point on the layout measured. At the taught drawing's 42 per cent it is a square slab a third as tall as it is wide. Measuring points supply that placement, and they do not make a hand exact; they move its slip to marks where it costs a tenth as much.

wrong · Cubebyeye
horizondots on the horizon: measuring points and vanishing points · station point 595 px below, not drawnturned 30°, the same lens and near edgea cube to 3e-13

A turned cube punishes the eye, not the construction

Turn a two-point cube until one face is nearly square to the picture and one vanishing point runs 6,500 px off the sheet. The measuring point it swings to does not run with it — it stays on the sheet — and the constructed marks go on forgiving slips ten to three hundred times what the eye is allowed. What collapses is the by-eye placement: the far edge of the face that becomes a sliver must be put within a third of a pixel.

wrong · Cubebyeye

Named alongside it

The objects these essays reach for when they reach for this one.

Vanishing pointDepicted rectangleFocal recoveryFree parameterHorizonMeasuring pointStation pointToleranceBack projectionDemonstrationDrawing systemFocal length

All concepts