Concept

Epipolar line — where it appears

The line in one picture on which a point seen in the other picture must lie. It is the image of that point's ray from the other camera's centre, and every such line passes through the epipole, which is why a match is searched for along a line rather than over a region.

Named by 4 essays across 2 fields — each of them below, with the objects they name alongside it.

1234512345a point is chosen hereand must be on this linematch to its own epipolar line: 1.4e-13 px5 of 44 correspondences drawn

A point is a line over there

Knowing where a mark sits in one photograph does not say where it sits in the other. It says which line it is on, which removes one of the two unknowns and leaves one — and the five lines drawn here meet at a point to within a thirtieth of a billionth of a pixel.

twoviews · Epipolar
left pictureright picture12341234cross-ratio 3.012836 left · 3.012836 rightagree to 8e-12

The two pencils keep one number

Four lines through the image of the other eye in one picture, and the four epipolar lines they become in the other. The angles between them change by up to 11.4°; their cross-ratio is 3.012836 on both sides, to eight parts in a trillion. Three pairs of lines fix the map between the pencils, and the fourth is predicted to a third of a billionth of a pixel.

twoviews · Epipolar
left, rectifiedright, rectifiedrows agree to 1.1e-13 px · points to 3.1e-14 mturned 0° about the baseline

Rectification is a family, not an operation

Turn both pictures of a pair so their epipolar lines become shared rows. A turn about the line between the eyes and a focal length are left free, and every choice puts all 44 matches on common rows to a tenth of a trillionth of a pixel and every point back where it was. What the choices disagree about is the pixels — one stretches its pictures unevenly by 1.77, another by 4.86.

twoviews · Epipolar
left pictureright picturethe post it is matched toone image row, drawn as two strips19.8 m instead of 9.0

A third eye that lands on the next post

Match one post of a railing to its neighbour and the pair reports it at 19.8 metres instead of 9.0, with every test two photographs can run at the arithmetic floor. A third picture usually exposes that by hundreds of pixels — but at five azimuths in seventy-eight degrees the wrong point lands within three pixels of another post, and the third view confirms the mistake. Narrow the railing to twenty centimetres and those places cover 28 per cent of the arc.

depth · Outlier

Named alongside it

The objects these essays reach for when they reach for this one.

BaselineCorrespondenceEpipoleFundamental matrixResidualCross-ratioDegenerate configurationdegrees of freedomDemonstrationDisparityEpipolar geometryHomography

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