Concept

Similarity — where it appears

4 essays name this object, across 3 fields. What follows is each of them, and the objects they name alongside it.
view 1view 6the scene, in plan — recovered points and cameras over the true onesreprojection 0.332 px · track 2.0e-3264 observations, 168 parameters

The track and the scene together

Six photographs go in and one hundred and sixty-eight numbers come out — every camera's position and orientation and every point's place in space, solved for at once. Nothing in the solve was ever told where a camera or a point was.

manyviews · bundle
× 4.6e+6seven flatand the rest stiffsingular value ÷ the largest, log scale, smallest firstσ₈/σ₇ = 4.6e+6168 parameters · 528 residuals

Seven numbers no picture can name

Shift a whole reconstruction by a metre and a half, turn it half a radian, scale it by 2.7, and every photograph of it stays where it was to a hundredth of a billionth of a pixel. Move one point by fifty millimetres and they move by two thirds of a pixel.

manyviews · gauge
a room 2.8 m across, eye 1.6 m up1 mthe same plan, 137× bigger137 midenticalpicturesthe picture — both scenes, drawn twice, one on top of the otherlargest disagreement 1e-13 px over 8 verticesone length has to come from outside the picture

The one thing a single view cannot give

Make the world a hundred and thirty-seven times larger and move the eye a hundred and thirty-seven times further away, and the picture does not change by a measurable amount. Every ratio in a scene is recoverable from one photograph and no size is, and that is not a caveat about the method — it is the shape of the method.

metrology · scale
as recovered0.308 across× 3.4 — same two pictures1.046 acrossworst ratio deviation 6.3e-14size fixed only by a supplied 0.80 m

Two views give shape and no size

Every pairwise distance ratio in a courtyard recovered from two photographs matches the real one to fourteen digits. The courtyard's actual size is not merely uncertain — it is absent, and a reconstruction three and a half times larger fits the same two pictures exactly as well.

twoviews · scale

Named alongside it

The objects these essays reach for when they reach for this one.

bundle adjustmentgauge freedomJacobianreconstruction ambiguityReference lengthscale ambiguityTriangulationBaselinecamera trackCorrespondenceDemonstrationFocal length

All concepts