Concept

Ambiguity — where it appears

Two or more answers that predict every available measurement identically. Not the same as an uncertainty, which is one answer with a spread: more evidence shrinks an uncertainty and leaves an ambiguity exactly where it was, so the two respond to opposite remedies.

Named by 4 essays across 2 fields — each of them below, with the objects they name alongside it.

-2e-7-1e-70-0.800-0.700-0.600-0.500α, the mix of the two nullspace directionsthe determinant that a fundamental matrix must make zeroa cubic with three real roots3 matrices, all exact

Seven marks, three answers

Seven correspondences leave a two-dimensional nullspace, and the requirement that a fundamental matrix be singular is a cubic in the mix — one or three real roots. Here it has three, and all three satisfy every one of the seven marks to 8.9 × 10⁻⁹ pixels. The eighth mark, withheld, separates them by more than an order of magnitude.

twoviews · Eightpoint
both explain both photographs exactly11.4 m apart, median

The surface two pictures cannot separate

There is a quadric through both camera centres on which two genuinely different motions draw identical pictures. Built explicitly, forty-two marks satisfy both epipolar geometries to 2 × 10⁻¹³ pixels, and the two scenes they reconstruct place the same mark at 15.6 metres and 35.1. The design matrix's nullspace has two dimensions rather than one, which is the seven-point situation arrived at from the other side.

twoviews · Critical
00.50011.50210203040how many marks the fit was givenerror in the recovered translation direction, in degrees (powers of ten)flatwith depththe same reading error in both5 counts

An ambiguity is not an uncertainty

Eight marks to forty cuts a solid scene's pose error from 19.8° to 0.7° and leaves a flat one at 48°. The two failures look identical from inside — a confident answer, a residual at the floor — and they respond to opposite remedies, so telling them apart is worth more than either measurement.

twoviews · Critical
020406011.5022.503candidate height for the eye, in metreswhat the best rectangle leaves over, in millimetresa flat floor: every height fitsthe eye that made the markscurvature costs the collineationand buys the parameter back

The height a flat floor cannot give

The marks of a floor anamorph name the eye's position on the floor exactly and say nothing about how high it was — every candidate height explains them perfectly, to one part in a thousand trillion. That is a fact about planes rather than about anamorphs. Ripple the floor by six centimetres and the family collapses: the true height explains the marks exactly and the nearest wrong one, five centimetres away, leaves two millimetres on a design 1.8 metres wide.

viewing · Anamorphrecovery

Named alongside it

The objects these essays reach for when they reach for this one.

Critical surfaceMinimal solverreconstruction ambiguityDegeneracyEpipolar geometryFundamental matrixleast squaresAnamorphosisCollineationConditioningCorrespondenceDegenerate family

All concepts