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The thread: Made by something finite — page 2

The departures in these fields are not optical. Depth is kept in a fixed number of bits, the picture is a grid of samples that need not be square, and the frame is read over an interval and mostly a row at a time. None of that changes what a projection is; all of it changes what this particular picture is a projection of, and each one has a closed form and a control. Essays 25 to 30 of 30.
-4-3-2-1000.50011.502how much more effort, log₁₀ of the controlhow much of the error is left, log₁₀ of the first samplepanorama-seam · −0.92panorama-vertical · floorsilhouette-hull · −2.00silhouette-notch · flooranamorph-sagitta · −2.30anamorph-sagitta-intervals · −2.00mirrorball-size · −1.007 laws, 12 samples each2 with a floor · 5 without What survives

An error with two terms

Two results from machineries with nothing in common have now found the same shape. A panorama's parallax separates into a term that halves every time the frame count doubles and a term with no frame count in it at all; a silhouette's error into an excess that falls as one over the square of the view count and the area of a concavity that is the same number at four views and at a hundred and twenty-eight. Fitting both terms turns the distinction into a measurement, and pointed at seven of this collection's own laws it reads every one of them the way its own essay does.

00.2500.5000.7501-1-0.50000.500how far apart the lamps are, log₁₀ metreshow often the drawing is read as two lampshalf the drawings1 px of clicking, 12 drawings each, separated across the viewbelow the crossing the second lamp is not in the picture Light and mirrors

The distance at which two lamps part

Two lamps five centimetres apart are one lamp, and the drawing is right to say so. The separation at which they become two is proportional to how carelessly the picture was clicked — 3.6 centimetres at half a pixel, 7.2 at one, 28 at four — with no floor anywhere, so nothing but care stands between a reader and any separation at all.

42.0°27.3°13.5°13.5°27.3°42.0°leftfrontrightbackupdownmidpoint: 0°7 straight lines, at 60° to the seamworst 42.04° · midpoint 0° Surfaces that are not flat

The kink at a seam

A cube map is six flat pictures, so every great circle is drawn exactly straight inside a face — to 3e-15 of its chord — and breaks at the join. The break is a kink and not a bend, it is exactly zero at a seam's midpoint whatever the slant, and it is bounded by 2·atan(½) = 53.130° at the corner.

how clearly each line belongs to one pencil2 lamps, 5 posts251.5 px100% assigned right3 lamps, 5 posts12.1 px73% assigned right4 lamps, 5 posts38.6 px40% assigned right0.5 px of clicking, lamps spread over 2 mthe counting of unknowns cannot see this Light and mirrors

The drawing does not run out of lines

Every post supplies a line to every lamp, so a drawing of five posts offers ten lines to two lamps and twenty to four — the unknowns and the constraints grow together and two posts fix any number of lights. What runs out is the partition, whose margin falls from 251 pixels to six as the share of lines assigned correctly falls from all to just over half.

lamp 1lamp 2two lamps, close together, in plan1 dark region Light and mirrors

Counting shadows is not counting lamps

Two lamps close together cast one connected dark patch and the drawn lines say two. One lamp behind two cards casts two patches and the lines say one, exactly. And the arrangement where the patch count is right — two lamps far apart — has no fully dark region at all, so the same floor answers one, two or zero depending on which darkness is being counted.

2 point lampsthe card2 lamps across 36 cmstep 0.5000, worst error 0.2488 Light and mirrors

How many lamps make one lamp

An array of point lamps spread across the width a real lamp would occupy leaves a staircase rather than a ramp — 4 lamps step by 25.0 per cent of the whole, 64 by 1.6 per cent — and the worst departure from the true ramp falls as the -1.007 power of the count. A single point lamp is not a coarse version of that staircase; it is wrong by 0.50, the most a fraction can be wrong by.

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