Series
Shadow — the series
2 essays on one idea, from the one that introduces it to the one that assumes the rest.
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A shadow is a second projection
The construction that puts a shadow on the ground is the construction that puts the scene on the picture plane, with the lamp where the eye was. Shadow drawing is taught as a separate set of recipes and it is one operation with the centre moved, which is why the same code draws both.
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Counting shadows is not counting lamps
Two lamps close together cast one connected dark patch and the drawn lines say two. One lamp behind two cards casts two patches and the lines say one, exactly. And the arrangement where the patch count is right — two lamps far apart — has no fully dark region at all, so the same floor answers one, two or zero depending on which darkness is being counted.