Field

What survives

A projection destroys length, angle, area and the ratio of lengths. One quantity comes through untouched, and almost everything checkable about a picture is checked with it.
horizonABCDon the groundin the picturelength AB1.00011.3930ratio AB:CD0.56670.6837cross-ratio1.31681.3168correct from 26 cm, at 160 mm wide34° across

What a projection destroys

A projection loses length, angle, area and the ratio in which a point divides a segment. Exactly one quantity comes through untouched, and almost everything that can be checked about a picture is checked with it — including, as it turns out, some things it cannot check at all.

horizon — the image of the line at infinityvanishing point at x = 1464 — off the framecorrect from 26 cm, at 160 mm wide34° across

Where parallel lines meet

They meet at a point that is not in the plane, and the horizon is the line made of all such points. Treating that as bookkeeping misses what it buys — a vanishing point becomes an ordinary point of the picture, findable from the drawn lines, checkable, and enterable into any calculation the others are.

recovered principal pointused to drawrecoveredgapfocal length853.90853.904e-15principal x345.0345.02e-12angle44.0°44.0°correct from 20 cm, at 160 mm wide44° across

Recovering the camera from the picture it drew

Draw a box from a known camera, forget the camera, and get it back from the twelve drawn edges alone. Agreement to one part in 10¹⁵ is a statement about the geometry, because the only thing that crossed between the two halves was a list of line segments.

centre of the ellipseimage of the centrecorrect from 22 cm, at 160 mm wideoffset 21.1 px

The circle whose centre moves

The image of a circle is an ellipse, and the image of the circle's centre is not the centre of that ellipse. The gap is 3 or 4% of the ellipse's width in an ordinary view — large enough to see, small enough to be dismissed as a slip by anyone not expecting it, and the reason drawn wheels look wrong.

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